Advice for tree planting

Successful tree planting starts by selecting a species that matches the local site conditions, such as soil type, water availability, hardiness zone, and light requirements (Nature Québec, 2021). When choosing the location, we must reserve space for growth (Nature Québec, 2021), to avoid conflicts with urban infrastructure like power lines and underground pipes (Hydro-Québec: Choose the Right Tree or Shrub tool). It is best to choose well-aerated, low-compaction soils that are rich in nutrients, as this promotes healthy root development and optimal growth (Ville de Sherbrooke, 2025). Indigenous species should be favoured, to protect biodiversity (Nature Québec, 2021). If your budget is tight, consider salvaged trees that can be transplant for free with La forêt qui marche or check for funding with the municipality (in resources below).

It is best to plant bare-root trees and shrubs in the spring after the ground has thawed but before the bud break, or in the fall after the leaves have dropped and before the soil freezes (Nature Québec, 2021). Conifers should be planted in the spring, after the ground has thawed and until June, or at the end of summer (between August 15 and the first frost (City of Montreal). Summer planting is discouraged, as high temperatures significantly raise the risk of drying out (Nature Québec, 2021).

            Before planting, it is essential to properly prepare the site. It is recommended to dig a hole two to three times wider than the root system to allow for easier root expansion (Landowner Resource Centre, 2000; Nature Quebec, 2021). Enriching the soil with compost or high-quality topsoil also helps improve water retention and fertility. During the first few years after planting, regular watering is critical to support health rooty establishment. In times of drought, slow and deep watering is particularly important to ensure moisture reaches the root system (Ville de Sherbrooke, 2025). 

            The different steps for a successful planting are well explained in the tree planting guides from Tree Canada, the Landowner Resource Centre and City of Montréal, among others (see links toward their websites below).

Ongoing care is vital for long-term success of young trees. Pruning helps establish a strong and balanced structure, which contributes to longevity and enhances the tree’s ability to provide ecological services in urban settings (Tree Canada). However, pruning must be done using proper techniques to minimize injury and stress to the tree (Landowner Resource Centre, 2000; City of Montreal).